餐飲油煙凈化低空排放方案
一(yi)、餐飲(yin)油煙(yan)的形成
食(shi)物烹飪(ren)、加工過程(cheng)中揮發出來的(de)油(you)(you)(you)脂、有(you)(you)機物及其它加熱(re)分解或(huo)破裂的(de)產(chan)物。是由食(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)和(he)食(shi)物在高溫下(xia)經過一系列反應生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)氣體、固(gu)體和(he)液體混合物，俗稱油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)。油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)主要有(you)(you)烷(wan)烴(jing)類(lei)(lei)、脂肪類(lei)(lei)、酯類(lei)(lei)、醇類(lei)(lei)、酮類(lei)(lei)、醛(quan)類(lei)(lei)、雜環胺、多(duo)環芳(fang)類(lei)(lei)和(he)突變源等(deng)有(you)(you)機化合物組成。影(ying)響(xiang)社會公共衛生(sheng)、對人體的(de)健(jian)康也有(you)(you)很大的(de)危害。油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)對人體的(de)肺部(bu)和(he)人體的(de)呼吸道有(you)(you)一定的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。
二、餐飲油煙(yan)廢氣量(liang)計算
根據廚房通(tong)風標準(zhun)設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)，烹飪廚具上方需(xu)安裝(zhuang)集煙(yan)罩(zhao)，通(tong)風工程排煙(yan)量需(xu)按照煙(yan)罩(zhao)截面風速0.5-0.7m/s設(she)計(ji)。
根據(ju)Q=3600V·S
Q：排煙量—m3/h V：截面(mian)風速—m/s S：集(ji)煙截面(mian)—㎡
截面風速按0.6設(she)計，即每平方米(mi)煙(yan)罩(zhao)截面排煙(yan)量(liang)為
Q=3600×0.6×1 =2160 m3/h
三、餐飲油(you)煙治理(li)目標及低空排放要求
1、 餐飲油(you)煙(yan)治理(li)目標
煙(yan)氣排(pai)放(fang)(fang)出口符合(he)《飲食業(ye)油煙(yan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標準(zhun)》（GB18483-2001）的排(pai)放(fang)(fang)要(yao)求，實現達標排(pai)放(fang)(fang)；
附表(biao) 飲(yin)食業單位的(de)油煙高允許排放濃度和油煙凈化設施低去除效率
2、餐飲油(you)煙低空排放要求
額(e)定風量下，油煙凈(jing)(jing)化設備(bei)凈(jing)(jing)化效率(lv)要(yao)求(qiu)：百(bai)分之95以上。
在城市居民區(qu)、商業區(qu)，一般對餐(can)飲油煙的排(pai)放要求比較苛刻，建筑物外(wai)墻不(bu)能安裝風(feng)(feng)管，只能低空排(pai)放。即使油煙排(pai)放達到《飲食業油煙排(pai)放標準》（GB18483-2001）的排(pai)放要求，也有可(ke)以因(yin)油煙擾民被投訴，因(yin)此對油煙凈(jing)化設備(bei)的凈(jing)化效率要求比較高，額定(ding)風(feng)(feng)量下，凈(jing)化效率需達百分之(zhi)95以上。
四(si)、治理系統(tong)的設計
1、設(she)計(ji)工(gong)藝和流程(cheng)
針對廚房炒鍋(guo)油(you)煙特點及工(gong)程要求，治(zhi)理采用北京恒盛世茂環保科(ke)技有(you)限公司先進(jin)的(de)高壓靜電凈(jing)化技術，其工(gong)藝流(liu)程圖如下(xia)：
2、靜電式餐(can)飲油煙凈化設備的工作原理(li)
北京恒盛世茂環保科技有限(xian)公司靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式餐(can)飲(yin)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)凈(jing)化設(she)備是利(li)用(yong)陰極(ji)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發射(she)出來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，以(yi)及由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)空氣(qi)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)來油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，使(shi)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，再利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)被陽極(ji)所(suo)吸(xi)附，以(yi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)除油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑非常小(xiao)，其粒(li)徑比油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)粒(li)徑要小(xiao)很多數(shu)量級。而(er)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)密度(du)很高(gao)（可達(da)至到(dao)(dao)1億/cm3的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量級），可以(yi)說(shuo)無所(suo)不在(zai)(zai)。處在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)很容易(yi)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)（即(ji)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是遵循(xun)一定機理的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然現象，而(er)不是簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)偶爾碰(peng)撞(zhuang)引起的(de)(de)(de)。從理論上分析：包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和擴(kuo)散荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是由于油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數(shu)大于1，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線發生(sheng)(sheng)變化，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線與油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)表面相(xiang)交(jiao)，沿著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)必(bi)然與油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)并將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)傳給(gei)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)；擴(kuo)散荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因熱運(yun)動而(er)擴(kuo)散，當接近塵粒(li)時產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)像力(li)互相(xiang)吸(xi)引而(er)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
電場(chang)的(de)設計使油(you)煙粒子的(de)運動速度較低，一般(ban)在零(ling)點幾秒內便能使油(you)煙粒子荷(he)上足夠的(de)電荷(he)，帶電粒子在電場(chang)中會(hui)受到電場(chang)力(li)（庫侖力(li)）的(de)作用，其(qi)結果是油(you)煙粒子被(bei)吸附到陽極上。因此電除油(you)煙的(de)除油(you)煙率非常(chang)高，而且特別適用于粒徑較小和(he)重(zhong)量較輕的(de)油(you)煙粒子。
在靜電式餐飲油煙凈化設備里，電功率主要是用來發射電子和推動油煙粒子，與空氣幾乎不產生作用，因此靜電場的能耗較小。而且除油煙設備的阻力也較小，無須使用壓力較大的風機。因此靜電式油煙凈化設備的總能耗比起其他的除油煙方式要小。